Homework Links: Science, Math & Technology

ACCESS SCIENCE: Searchable collection of all articles, fully illustrated, from the latest edition of the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, Research Updates from the McGraw-Hill Yearbooks, and the latest Science News® headlines, biographies, and more. Login to ACCESS SCIENCE from our DATABASE LOGIN PAGE; If you're using ACCESS SCIENCE on your home computer, you'll have to enter your library card barcode to begin. NOTE: All cookies must be enabled.

FACTS ON FILE: AMERICAN SCIENCE ONLINE - Login to FACTS ON FILE from our DATABASE LOGIN PAGE to access American Science Online. If you're using FACTS ON FILE on your home computer, you'll have to enter your library card barcode to begin.

Ebscohost Science Reference Center EBSCO SCIENCE REFERENCE CENTER - Easy access to a multitude of science-oriented content, including full text for nearly 640 science encyclopedias, reference books, periodicals, etc. Covers biology, chemistry, earth & space science, environmental science, health & medicine, history of science, life science, physics, science & society, science as inquiry, scientists, technology and wildlife. Enter your library card barcode to begin.

General Math & Science

Ask A Scientist! - Browse / search the archives to find answers to all kinds of puzzling questions such as 'Where does the salt in the sea come from?' 'How do bugs stick to the wall?' and 'Why do boomerangs come back when you throw them?' Or ask your own question! Middle school and up (Cornell University). You can also search for answers to your science questions (high school and up) in the Science Line archives (University of California) and on Scientific American's Ask the Experts page (commercial site).

Cogito - This website is designed specifically for young people who are interested in math and science. Cogito offers news and features on topics ranging from global warming and biostatistics to cold fusion and bioethics, plus many other resources including interviews and discussion forums, book and movie reviews, 'Best of the Web' guides, webcasts & podcasts, and listings and reviews of summer and distance-education programs, internships, and academic competitions. (John Hopkins University et al.)

EurekAlert - The latest news in scientific research, directly from research institutions, universities, government agencies, and corporations; arranged by subject; searchable archives. For college or advanced high school students; there is now a separate Kids' page for middle school and up. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

Everyday Mysteries - 'Did you ever wonder why a camel has a hump? If you can really tell the weather by listening to the chirp of a cricket? Or why our joints make popping sounds? Everyday Mysteries will help you get the answers to these and many other of life's most interesting questions.' Arranged by subject. Mostly for high school and up, though links may include good sites for younger students (Library of Congress).

Exploratorium Museum of Science, Art, and Human Perception - Museum website offering engaging interactive and multimedia presentations, with a focus on investigating the science behind the ordinary subjects and experiences of people's lives, and the historical and social issues that surround them. Includes the Exploratorium Digital Library, a collection of online science materials covering a broad range of topics, organized by subject. Appropriate grade level, elementary through college, is specified for each resource. For a searchable database of additional materials including images, educational activities, PDFs, QuickTime movies, and audio files, see Exploratorium's Digital Assets Archive (mainly for teachers).

FOSSweb Science Fun - Interactive games and other science learning resources for grades K-2, grades 3-6, and middle school students. (University of California )

Franklin Institute Learning Resources - Explore a variety of scientific subjects including the human heart & brain, the history of science & technology, and more. Age level varies. (Educational / commercial site)

Girls Go Tech - Activities and information to help girls develop an interest in math, science and technology, and explore careers in these fields. Middle school and up (Girl Scouts of the USA). Another fun site with a similar goal is I Was Wondering (National Academy of Sciences). Girls Tech reviews dozens of websites aimed at getting girls and young women interested in math, science, and technology. Appropriate grade level is specified for each resource. (Rutgers / Douglass College).

Great Amateurs in Science - Brief stories of ten amateur scientists who made enormous contributions to science. (PBS; commercial site)

History of Science Resources new - Links to selected electronic resources about the history of science. Includes An Introduction to the History of Science in Non-Western Traditions. High school and up (History of Science Society). See also Museum of the History of Science new , offering a collection of online exhibits; high school and up (Oxford University, UK).

How Stuff Works - How does the picture get into your television set? How can the sound of a whole orchestra come out of a compact disc? This website explains exactly how all kinds of technologies work, 'from car engines to search engines, from cell phones to stem cells, and thousands of subjects in between.' For high school and up (commercial site). For lots of other great sites on inventions, see the South Plainfield Public Library's Inventors and Inventions page.

KidsClick Science & Math - A directory of math and science websites designed for kids, arranged by subject. Each entry provides a description of the site and its intended age group. (Ramapo Catskill Library System)

Ology - Colorful lessons with lots of fun activities to help you learn about archaeology, astronomy, biodiversity, earth science, Einstein, genetics, and marine biology. Middle school and up. Resources for Learning offers hundreds of additional activities, articles, and analyses on anthropology, astronomy, biology, earth science, and paleontology. Elementary school and up (American Museum of Natural History). You'll find more fun learning resources on the Kids Only new page from the Natural History Museum (London, UK). Elementary through high school.

Planet Science: Out There - Science activities, experiments and online adventures, with features such as inspirational inventors; vampires, ghouls & things that go bump in the night; create a virtual fireworks display; and much more, for ages 11 to 19. There's a separate section for kids under 11. (National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts, UK)

Pulse of the Planet - A collection of two-minute sound recordings, tracking the rhythms of nature, culture and science worldwide and blending interviews and extraordinary natural sound. (National Science Foundation)

Rough Science: Discover More new - Includes 'A Brief History of Science' (with timeline), plus articles on the art of science and what science is all about. Also offers hands-on activities for Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12. (PBS; commercial site)

Science Animations - Links to dozens of movies & interactive tutorials, arranged by subject. Covers Anatomy & Physiology, Biology, Animals, Plants, Ecology, Microbiology, Astronomy, Geology, Physics, and general science collections. Grade level varies. (North Harris Montgomery Community College District, TX)

Science Explorations - Interactive multimedia presentations guide you on fascinating explorations of the natural world and space. Features include Charles Darwin, bats, giant squid, lizards & snakes, insects, and gravity, orbits & collisions. Mostly for elementary and middle school. (Scholastic Inc. / American Museum of Natural History)

Science from the Poles - A special series of Webcasts highlighting the work of scientists at field sites surrounding the North and South Poles; projects cover a variety of subjects including ecology, wildlife, climate change, geology, and astronomy. (Exploratorium Museum of Science)

Science Net Links - Selected and annotated K-12 math and science links, arranged by subject and grade level. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

Science News for Kids - Read the latest scientific news, with experiments, puzzles & games, Web resources, recommended reading, and other useful materials. For ages 9 to 13. (Society for Science & the Public, non-profit organization; commercial site)

Science Photo Library - Need pictures of amoebas, bacteria, or leaf venation for your science paper? Polar bears or butterflies? Comets or quasars? Caves or coral reefs? This is the place to go! Covers all areas of science (commercial site). You can find more microscopic images at Science and Photography Through the Microscope (by Dennis Kunkel, Ph.D.) and Life through the Lens (Exploratorium Museum of Science).

Science Research - A science search tool that searches 'Deep Web' sources such as scientific journals and public science databases not generally accessed by common search engines. Scitopia also allows you to retrieve high-level science content not generally found by common search engines, searching millions of documents, including peer-reviewed journal content and technical conference papers. Both sites will be useful mainly for college or graduate level students. (Deep Web Technologies, LLC)

Science Update Podcasts - Daily 60-second audio reports on the latest discoveries in science, technology and medicine. High school and up (American Association for the Advancement of Science). For more audio science news, see NPR Research News new and NPR Science new . High school and up (National Public Radio; commercial site).

The Scientific Process - Examines the method scientists use to come up with explanations for the things that happen around us. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page (University of Michigan). Print out the Scientific Process Log to record each step of the scientific process used in a scientific investigation of your own (NASA).

Smithsonian Magazine: Science & Technology - Feature articles on a wide variety of subjects relating to science and technology. High school and up. (Educational / commercial site)

Virtual Science Exhibits new - Online science exhibits on astronomy, Antarctica, electron microscopy, oceanography, Leonardo da Vinci, artificial intelligence, fireflies, and Ancient Egypt. Age level varies for different exhibits; middle school and up (Museum of Science, Boston). You'll find online science exhibits on other topics at the Science Learning Network new .

Why Files - Articles about science and how it affects everyday life. You can browse by general subject or enter a specific search term such as 'mosquitoes,' 'cloning,' or 'global warming'. Includes interactives. For Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12; scroll down the page for grades 9-12. (University of Wisconsin)

Wired Science - This companion website to the new 'Wired Science' TV series explores the varied ways that science and technology are changing the world and our daily lives. Includes feature stories, interviews, audio/video, and more. (PBS; commercial site)

World Around Us: Everyday Science - Explore subjects as diverse as kite-flying, solar seawater distillation, coastal management, genetic enhancement of athletes, how to make a saucepan radio or a desktop catapult, and much more. Mostly for high school and up (BBC).

World of Science - Encyclopedias of astronomy, scientific biography, chemistry, and physics. Includes linked cross-references. Mostly for high school and up, though middle school students may find the biography section useful. (Wolfram Research / Eric W. Weisstein, with assistance from the internet community)

Astronomy, Planets, and Space Flight

Amazing Space Glossary - Definitions of terms from space science, astronomy, and related fields. Also offers interactive Explorations of stars, galaxies, comets, black holes, and more, plus a Skywatch Podcast on the latest news in astronomy. High school and up. (Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute )

Apollo 13, We Have a Solution - This article details the real-life events that led to the safe return of the Apollo 13 spacecraft in 1970. High school and up. (IEEE Spectrum Magazine, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; commercial site)

Astronomy Center - Selected links to astronomy-related information, arranged by subject. High school and up. (American Astronomical Society et al.)

Astronomy News - For news about the latest discussions and discoveries in astronomy, see this companion site for Astronomy Magazine. Includes podcasts and video. High school and up. (Commercial site: Kalmbach Publishing)

Auroras, Paintings in the Sky - Explains what auroras look like, why they happen, why they are different colors, and where you can see them; photos included. Middle school and up. (University of California)

Black Holes - 'Black holes are places where ordinary gravity has become so extreme that it overwhelms all other forces in the Universe.' This interactive media site takes you on a Journey to a Black Hole. Site also includes an encyclopedia and glossary (Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute). McDonald Observatory's Black Holes Encyclopedia offers black hole basics, as well as the latest news on black holes, FAQ, glossary, pop culture references, radio programs, a directory of black holes, and related resources. High school and up (University of Texas).

Challenger Disaster - Astronaut biographies and other resources related to the January 28, 1986 the destruction of the space shuttle Challenger; grade level varies. You can also see a similar page on the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident. These pages were last updated in 2003, so there are a number of broken links, but links to biographies are still good (Evergreen State College). For information on other Space Shuttle missions, see NASA's Space Shuttle page.

Chandra Observatory - Articles, news, photos, podcasts, and videos on astronomy. High school and up. (Harvard University)

Comets - Explains what comets are and how they are formed. Middle school and up. (NASA / World Book)

Dark Energy - Learn about the mysterious energy causing the universe to expand at an accelerating rate (NASA). See also Dark Energy: The Decade Ahead (Physics World, commercial site; free registration required). High school and up.

Dark Matter - Q & A about mysterious 'dark matter' whose existence cannot be confirmed by the usual methods of observation. High school and up (Harvard University).

Exploring Space: The Quest for Life - Essays, games, quizzes, timelines, and other resources for examining 'the search for life - from its origins on Earth, to possibilities in space.' You can even try out life as an astronaut on a simulated mission. (PBS; commercial site)

Field Guide to the Universe - Descriptions (with images) of the sun and planets in our solar system, plus info on spacecraft and brief biographies of astronomers from ancient times through the present. Also includes a 'Design a Space Station' interactive section. Middle school and up. (Children's Museum of Indianapolis)

Hanny's Voorwerp: Cosmic Ghost - Read about the mysterious 'cosmic ghost' discovered in 2008 by Dutch school teacher Hanny van Arkel. (Yale University)

History of Cosmology - From the ancient Greeks to the present, this site presents 'the story of the colorful individuals, startling ideas and ingenious tools that brought us knowledge of the vast and strange universe we inhabit. Written by leading historians of astronomy, richly illustrated.' (American Institute of Physics)

Meteors - Explains meteors, meteor showers, meteorites, and related topics. Middle school and up. (NASA / World Book)

NASA Science for Kids - Games, facts, and activities for exploring our Sun and Earth, our solar system and the universe beyond. See also NASA Space Place for more games, animations, projects, and fun facts about Earth, space and technology (for elementary school kids). NASA for Students provides homework help and other resources in separate sections for elementary, middle, and high school students.

Observing the Sun - This site explains the different ways you can safely observe the Sun, sunspots, or solar eclipses. (Stanford University)

Origins - Explores the question of how the universe began, how life first began on earth and whether it exists elsewhere in the galaxy, with interviews, interactives, links and other resources. Middle / high school students (PBS; commercial site).

Pluto Demoted! - In August 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted on their first 'official' definition of a planet. Based on this new definition, Pluto is no longer a planet. This page explains the decision (University of Michigan). See also What Is a Planet? for further discussion (Cornell).

Skylab - Facts and history of the Skylab project, missions 1 through 4. (NASA)

Skywatching - Star charts and other night sky information for each day, plus skywatching tips and links (Earth and Sky radio series; commercial site). Tonight's Sky offers great monthly flash videos to help you learn to recognize constellations and other objects in the night sky, plus fun trivia quizzes (Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute). Another excellent radio series available online is Stardate , which includes a beginner's guide to the night sky, constellation guide, weekly stargazing tips, and lots more; use the lefthand menu to navigate (University of Texas). NASA's Fun and Games: The Universe offers links to a variety of activities for young skywatchers. More advanced students may be interested in Current Sky Information (Harvard University), and Space Weather (by Dr. Tony Phillips, NASA).

Solar Sail - News on the Cosmos 1 project, an effort to launch the first interplanetary solar sail spacecraft. (Planetary Society )

Solar System - Find out about the Sun, planets, comets, and asteroids. Lots of great images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page. (NASA / University of Michigan.)

South Pole Telescope - Follows a group of scientists, technicians, and engineers building the largest telescope ever deployed at the South Pole. The telescope will give astronomers a powerful new tool to explore dark energy, the mysterious force that may be causing the universe to accelerate. (Exploratorium Museum of Science)

Space Missions - The history of space exploration, with information on both manned and unmanned missions, and lots of images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page (NASA / University of Michigan). See also NASA's home page , which includes sections for kids, students and educators.

Space Photos - Need pictures for your report? This site has lots of photos of astronauts, spacecraft, planets, and other space-related subjects. (NASA)

Space Station - Watch the videos to see how the crew eats, sleeps and exercises on the International Space Station. You can also learn about how the space station works, and take a 360º online tour. (NASA)

StarChild - Another good basic astronomy site for kids, covering the solar system, universe, and space travel, plus a glossary of terms. Two separate section, Level 1 for elementary school students, Level 2 for middle school and up. Imagine the Universe is for students age 14 and up; use the menu under the title to choose 'Ask an Astrophysicist', Dictionary, or Resources. (NASA)

Sunspots - Explores the nature of sunspots and the fascinating history of our efforts to understand them. Includes interviews, historic & modern images, movies, and a sunspot research activity (University of California).

Tenth Planet Discovered! - In 2005, astronomers found a new planet in the outer reaches of our solar system. This article, with accompanying audio and links to more information, tells the story (NASA). UPDATE: Because of the IAU's new definition of 'planet', decided in August 2006, this 'tenth planet', now known as Eris, is currently classified as a dwarf planet. For more about the discovery of the 10th planet, and planet theory, see NOVA's Science Now program (2006, PBS).

Universe - Great information on stars, galaxies, the cosmos, the history of astronomy, white dwarfs, black holes, and other 'Strange Stuff in Space'. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page. Lots of good images. (NASA / University of Michigan.)

Women in Space - Timeline describing the history of women in space from 1960 to 2005. Middle school and up (NPR; commercial site).

Biology, Anatomy, and Natural History

Atlas of the Body - A basic illustrated anatomy of the human body (American Medical Association). Another more comprehensive site is Human Anatomy Online , featuring detailed interactive images of each of the 10 body systems, with linked sidebar descriptions for hundreds of muscles, bones, organs, and other body parts. (Commercial site: MyHealthScore.com). The Merck Health Guide also offers an Interactive Body Guide and 3D Medical Animations; use the lefthand menus to navigate. High school and up.

Biochemistry Animations - A collection of interactive animations designed to help students learn about biochemical processes such as cell structure, cloning, DNA replication, nucleotides, photosynthesis, and many more. Also includes concept reviews, quizzes, tutorials, and links. College level (John Wiley & Sons Publishers, Inc.). See also Chemistry of Life for problem sets and tutorials in biochemistry (University of Arizona).

Biology 4 Kids - Illustrated lessons in basic biology, covering cells, microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, animal systems, and scientific method. (Commercial site: Andrew Rader Studios)

Biology Resources- Links to selected online instructional materials on a wide variety of subjects in Biology, including Bioethics, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology / Environment, Neuroscience, and more. Grade level varies. (National Association of Biology Teachers)

Biology of Plants - Step-by-step explanations of how plants grow, make food, reproduce, and adapt to the world around them. Well illustrated; middle school and up. (Missouri Botanical Garden)

BioScience Ed Net new - Extensive directory of online learning resources in the biological sciences, from pre-school to postgraduate levels. You can search the resources by keyword and audience (grade level), or browse by audience, by subject (each broad subject is broken down into narrower topics), or by resource type (book, journal article, image, video, etc.). Each resource listing includes a description and specificies the resource type and audience. For students and teachers. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

BioScience Issues - A large collection of articles describing current bioscience issues such as biotechnology, biodiversity, environment, genomics, and evolution, and examining how they affect your life. Sidebars summarize key points for each article, and most articles includes links to related information; many also offer educator resources. Mostly for high school and up, though some links for middle school are included. (American Institute of Biological Sciences)

Biotechnology Basics- 'Explore the science of biotechnology with a plain language primer. Find out about the benefits of biotechnology and the issues it raises.' Covers environment, food, health, industry, natural resources, and sustainable development. Includes a glossary. High school and up. (Government of Canada)

Body Basics - Explains how each body system, part, and process works, and what happens when things go wrong. There's a separate page for the Brain & Nervous system; for teens. My Body is a similar page for younger kids (Nemours Foundation Center for Children's Health Media). For more on health, see the South Plainfield Public Library's HEALTH & FITNESS page.

The Body Explained - Ever wonder 'What Causes Goose Bumps?' 'What Causes Hiccups?' 'What Causes Blushing?' 'What Causes an Ice Cream Headache?' 'What is That Little Thing That Hangs Down in the Back of Your Throat?' or 'Why Do Onions Make You Cry?' These brief, entertaining online videos will give you the answers! All ages. (Baylor College of Medicine)

Brain Maps - An interactive digital brain atlas & virtual microscope showing high-resolution scanned images of both primate and non-primate brains. Includes complete brain atlas datasets for Macaca mulatta, C. aethiops, Felis catus, Mus musculus, and others. For college or advanced high school students. (University of California)

DNA from the Beginning - This online tutorial explains classical genetics using text, animation, image gallery, video interviews, problem, biographies, and links. High school and up (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). Learn Genetics offers helpful instructional animations on genetics (University of Utah).

Earth Portal - 'A comprehensive resource for timely, objective, science-based information about the environment.' Includes an extensive Encyclopedia of Earth; news stories on environmental issues; and commentary from scholars and discussions with the general public. High school and up (Environmental Information Coalition, a partnership of environmental scientists, educators, professionals, organizations, agencies, and institutions). For more links on environmental topics, see South Plainfield Public Library's ECOLOGY, WILDLIFE, PLANTS & ANIMALS and WEATHER & NATURAL DISASTERS pages.

Evidence: How We Know What We Know - This case study in human origins - exploring how scientific evidence shapes our current understanding of what makes us human, and how we got this way - is used as a starting point to examine the scientific process, revealing the ways in which ideas and information become knowledge and understanding. (Exploratorium Museum)

Evolution - Explains Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and how it was developed. There's also an entertaining multimedia presentation on the Theory of Evolution . For middle school and high school (BBC). See also Darwin: The Man and the Theory ; high school and up (American Museum of Natural History). For online texts of Darwin's writings, see The Complete Works of Charles Darwin (University of Cambridge et al.). For more on human evolution, see Human Origins, described below.

Eyes Have It new - 'Eyes can be simple light-sensitive cells that don't see images, or complex organs that see light, shadow, color, shape, and depth.' On this site you can learn the fundamental facts about vision, eyes and eye anatomy. Includes related resources. High school. (San Diego Natural History Museum)

Gray's Anatomy - Not the TV show! A searchable, chapter-by-chapter E-text of the classic work in anatomy; illustrated. High school and up. (Commercial site: Bartleby.com)

Human Genome Project new - A collection of resources to help students learn more about the Human Genome Project (HGP) and related issues (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science). See also Genomics Definitions and Terms new (University of Kentucky). High school and up.

Human Origins new - Text and images exploring the history and future of human evolution, and the question of what makes us human. Also includes links to related resources; for high school and advanced middle school students (American Museum of Natural History). The Leakey Foundation website has a Timeline of key discoveries related to human origins from 1840 to the present.

Microbe World - Discover the wonderful world of fungi, bacteria, viruses, molds and other slimy things - what they are, where they live, and how we use them. You can also perform experiments, investigate microbes in the news, and learn about careers in microbiology. For middle school and up. Includes audio and video podcasts. Formerly Stalking the Mysterious Microbe (American Society for Microbiology). Another great microbe site is Microbe Zoo, featuring DirtLand, Animal Pavilion, Snack Bar, Space Adventure, and Water World (Michigan State University). Microbial Diversity offers an extensive collection of links on the impact of microorganisms on ecological and earth system phenomena, and a Glossary of Terms [LINK OPENS A PDF DOCUMENT]; for college or advanced high school students (Blackwell Publishing). Microbial Life provides a variety of educational and supporting materials for students and teachers, K-12 (Carleton College).

Microscope Imaging Station - A range of high-resolution images and movies showing the diversity of what can be seen with light microscopes, plus feature articles and suggested learning activities. (Exploratorium Museum of Science).

Neuroscience for Kids- 'The smell of a flower - the memory of a walk in the park - the pain of stepping on a nail. These experiences are made possible by the 3 pounds of tissue in our heads...the brain!' Q & A, experiments, activities, games, and links to help you learn about the brain, spinal cord, neurons and the senses. High school. (University of Washington).

Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling the World - Examines how the brain and nervous system allow us to recognize faces, distinguish colors and odors, feel a feather brush our skin, or hear the faint rustle of a leaf. High school / advanced students (Howard Hughes Medical Institute). Secret Life of the Brain includes interactive illusions showing how the mind can cause us to misread color, shape, and dimension. (PBS; commercial site). Listen offers short videos, lessons, games, and other activities about sound and hearing, and about how listening helps us navigate our world (Exploratorium Museum of Science).

Surviving: the Body of Evidence [UPDATED LINK!] - This multimedia presentation explores the past and possible future of human evolution, our place in the natural world, and more. High school and up. (Penn Museum)

Virtual Cell Website - Allows you to get a close-up view of several organelles in 3-D. Choose an organelle within the cell and manipulate it by zooming in, rotating the image, and dissecting several organelles to view their contents. If you have trouble, see instructions (Created by high school & university faculty and students).

Virtual Field Trip: Vietnam - Take part in a virtual field trip to find the mossy frog in the rainforest of Vietnam. Does not display properly in Internet Explorer 6. (Royal Ontario Museum, Canada)

Chemistry & the Elements

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table - 'This online textbook is designed to provide a thorough, in-depth treatment of this topic at the first-year college or advanced-HS levels, with a special focus on the underlying concepts.' Covers quanta; light, particles & waves; Bohr atom; quantum atom; atomic electron configurations; and periodic properties of the elements. (By Stephen Lower, a retired professor of chemistry at Simon Fraser University)

Chem 1 Virtual Textbook - An online general chemistry textbook designed for first-year college students. (By Stephen Lower, a retired professor of chemistry at Simon Fraser University)

Chem4Kids - This chemistry site explains matter, atoms, elements, reactions, biochemistry, and more. Middle school and up. (Commercial site: Andrew Rader Studios)

Color - Why is the sky blue? Why is fire yellow? All the colors in the universe originate from fifteen fundamental physical causes, summarized in this online exhibit. High school and up. (Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement, nonprofit organization)

General Chemistry Online - This college-level chemistry site includes a searchable database of over 800 common compound names, formulas, structures, and properties; notes and guides for first semester general chemistry; an interactive toolbox; tutorials; quizzes; and a searchable, annotated database of over 500 general chemistry Web resources. (Frostburg State University)

Online Chemistry Games - Free interactive games and quizzes to help build your knowledge of the elements and the periodic table. Middle school and up. (Commercial site: Sheppard Software)

Periodic Table - These interactive lessons take you through the periodic table piece by piece to help you understand how it works, and how and why elements interact to make the world you see around you. High school and up. (Annenberg Media)

Periodic Table of the Elements - Click on any element for a picture and basic description. When your element appears, scroll down to 'Chemical Data' on the left, and click on 'html' or 'pdf' directly beneath it, for more detailed information and another picture; some animations. Middle school and up (Royal Society of Chemistry). NOTE: This site can be very slow to load; if you have a dial-up connection, use The Photographic Periodic Table new (photos & descriptions; by Popular Science columnist Theodore Gray et al.; commercial site), It's Elemental (descriptions & data only, no pictures; Thomas Jefferson Lab National Accelerator Facility), or the Web Elements site described below.

Web Elements - Another periodic table site providing both basic and detailed information (history, physical and nuclear data, uses, structure, and more) and a picture for each element, plus audio pronunciation (British). High school/advanced students. (By Dr. Mark J. Winter, chemistry professor at University of Sheffield, England; commercial site)

Earth, Geology, Rocks & Minerals

Dynamic Earth new - 'Explore the dynamic forces that formed — and are continually re-forming — the earth and our solar system.' Divided into four sections: Gems & Minerals, Plate Tectonics & Volcanoes, Rocks & Mining, and The Solar System. (Smithsonian)

Dynamic Earth Interactive - With these interactive lessons you can delve into the earth's interior, learn about its tectonic plates and their movements, and discover how mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes are formed. Middle school and up. (Annenberg Media)

Earth - Information about the earth's surface, atmosphere, ecosystems, and more, with images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page. (University of Michigan)

Earth Like a Puzzle - Explains the process of plate tectonics - how the continents and oceans move across the surface of the earth. Middle school and up (Scripps Institution of Oceanography). For world maps showing how the continents looked during each geological time period - and how they might look in the future - see Earth History (by Christopher R. Scotese, a professor of geology at University of Texas).

Earth Revealed - A video instructional series on geology. High school and up; free registration required. (Annenberg Media)

Essentials of Geology - This textbook companion site offers dozens of articles on a variety of earth science topics, plus quizzes, animations , and a glossary of earth science terms. College level. (W.W. Norton and Company, Publishers)

Exploring Earth - A chapter-by-chapter earth science textbook featuring animations and interactive tools, plus links and other resources. Click on 'Select a Chapter' to get started. High school. (TERC, Inc./National Science Foundation/Houghton Mifflin Company)

From the Ground Up: The World of Oil - Explains the geology of oil exploration, how oil is formed, and the history and uses of oil; middle school and high school (Paleontological Research Institution). Extreme Oil (PBS; commercial site) examines the technology of oil extraction as well as the processing and transport of petroleum; also delves into the political and environmental aspects of oil; high school and up. For more on energy sources, see the Physics section, below.

Geology - An introduction to geology, covering the different types of rocks and minerals and the various geologic eras, with images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of the page. (University of Michigan)

Geology Images - Photos of different types of rock and other geologic formations, with brief descriptions. (By Allen Glazner, a Professor of geology at University of North Carolina)

Mineral Matters new - Learn how to identify minerals, grow your own crystals, or build a collection. Also includes FAQ, puzzles and games. For high school or advanced middle school students (San Diego Natural History Museum). Mineralogy for Kids new explores the world of mineralogy, including crystals, mineral groups, mineral properties, and minerals in your house. For high school or advanced middle school students (Mineralogical Society of America). GeoGallery new (Smithsonian) offers photos and brief descriptions of gems, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, and meteorites. The Mineral and Gemstone Gallery gives property data and large, clear photographs for more than a hundred minerals and gemstones. Text is for high school and up; a list of sources is provided on the Bibliography page (personal website, by Ron Gibbs). For even more minerals, see Mineral Species from A to Z ; includes photos and pronunciation audio. Sources are listed in the 'About' section. (Personal /commercial site by geologist David Barthelmy).

Rock Cycle - An interactive Web site where you can learn how rocks can be identified, how they are formed, and how they change over time. Middle school and up (Annenberg Media). See also Rock Cycle Animations, a small collection of simple flash animations illustrating metamorphic rock formation, clastic sedimentary rocks formation, igneous rock formation, and igneous rocks classification (Carleton College).

Virtual Courseware for Earth & Environmental Sciences - Interactive tutorials, animations, and photographs teach students about earthquakes, global warming, carbon dating, and other earth science topics. High school and up. (California State University)

Math

Accounting Tutorial - Online review of essential concepts in accounting, plus Self-Test Quizzes and Review Problems. (By Gerald F. Manahan Jr., San Antonio College)

Algebra in Simplest Terms - A video instructional series which 'explains how algebra is used for solving real-world problems and clearly explains concepts that may baffle many students. Graphic illustrations and on-location examples help students connect mathematics to daily life.' High school & college level. Free registration required. This and other online math video series (many free) for students and teachers are by Annenberg Media. For dozens of online tutorials covering all College Algebra concepts as well as prerequisites to College Algebra, see College Algebra (By Kim Seward, West Texas A&M University).

Ask Doctor Math - An archive of answers to math questions, arranged by grade level and subject; all ages. (Drexel University MathForum)

Calculus on the Web - A set of online interactive textbooks teaching pre-calculus, calculus, linear algebra, abstract algebra, and number theory (by Gerardo Mendoza and Dan Reich, Temple University). For selected links to additional calculus help, see the Calculus Page (University of California).

Conversion Maestro - This tool will quickly convert measurements to or from metric units of length (feet/meters), area (square feet/square meters), mass/weight (ounces/grams), liquid volume (pints/liters), and temperature (Fahrenheit/Celsius) (University of Washington). Online Conversion offers many additional conversion calculators: 'over 5,000 units, and 50,000 conversions' (personal / commercial site, by Robert Fogt, a website / software developer).

Cyberchase Games - Math games for kids aged 8 - 11. (PBS; commercial site)

Figure This! Math Challenge - Cartoon characters present interesting mathematical challenges that students can do at home with their families. Each challenge includes complete solutions, and related support materials and resources for further exploration. Middle-school. (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics)

Fractals - Explains the special properties of geometric figures called fractals, with activities and links to additional resources. For elementary / middle school students and up. (Cynthia Lanius, Rice University)

Fun Mathematics Lessons - Fun lessons in counting, fractions, ratios, graphs, beginning algebra & geometry, and more; mostly for elementary / middle school students. (Cynthia Lanius, Rice University)

Geometry - Links to more than 30 high-quality websites explaining geometry and subtopics (American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges).

Geometry: 3D Shapes - A collection of fun interactive lessons to help you learn about some of the many three-dimensional geometric shapes commonly found in the world around us. Middle school and up, with some materials for teachers, too. (Annenberg Media)

History of Math - Describes the history of mathematics in various cultures (ancient Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Arabic, Chinese, etc.) as well as the history of different branches of mathematics; arranged by topic. Also includes a glossary, math chronology, biographies of mathematicians from 1680 BC to the present (including female mathematicians), and biographical timeline. High school and up. (University of St Andrews, Scotland)

Internet Mathematics Library - Annotated math links, arranged by subject. All ages (Drexel University Math Forum).

Math and Cultural Designs - Many cultural designs, such as cornrow hairstyles, Native American crafts, and break dancing, are based on mathematical principles. This site offers tutorials and software to help you learn mathematics by simulating the original artifacts and developing your own creations. Middle school and up. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)

Math Cats - Fun and colorful games, crafts, art, projects, and stories to help kids learn arithmetic and math. Mostly for elementary school students; scroll down through the site map to see the recommended age levels for each activity. (Personal website, by Wendy A. Petti)

Math Glossary - Brief definitions of math terms, arranged A to Z. High school and up. (University of St Andrews, Scotland)

Math in Daily Life - Do you find math abstract and boring? This site shows you the importance of numbers in games of chance, money management, cooking, decorating, and other everyday activities. High school and up. (Annenberg / CPB)

Math Links - Hundreds of great math-related sites arranged by topics: number & operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, data analysis / probability. Also offers more than 100 interactive activities , and hundreds of math lesson plans for teachers, grades pre-K through 12; arranged by grade level (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). More math lesson plans (with interactive lessons), arranged by grade level, are available at InterActivate covering number & operations, algebra, geometry, probability, statistics, modeling, and more (Shodor Education Foundation; nonprofit organization, commercial site). Links to even more online learning resources are available at MathDL ; enter a keyword in the search box to get a list of sites (Mathematical Association of America).

Math Readiness - Interactive exercises to improve your skills in mental arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, exponential & logarithmic functions, and other math topics most needed by college-bound high school students. For each topic, a green dot is for easy, yellow dot for medium, and red for difficult exercises (University of Saskatchewan).

Math Textbooks - Links to dozens of free online math textbooks. College level. (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Math Tools - A collection of tools, lessons, activities, and other materials for learning or teaching math. (Drexel University Math Forum)

Statistics - 'Against All Odds,' a video instructional series. 'With an emphasis on 'doing' statistics, this series goes on location to help uncover statistical solutions to the puzzles of everyday life.' High school & college level. Free registration required (Annenberg Media).

Success in Math - 'Tips on how to study mathematics, how to approach problem-solving, how to study for and take tests, and when and how to get help.' Advice is aimed at undergraduates, but should be helpful for high school students too. (Saint Louis University)

Physics

Aeronautics - Online tutorial explaining the basic principles, tools, and methods for the study of flight. High school and up. (NASA)

Amusement Park Physics - 'How do physics laws affect amusement park ride design? In this exhibit, you'll have a chance to find out by designing your own roller coaster.' Also covers bumper cars, carousels, free fall, and pendulum; includes a physics glossary. Advanced middle school, high school, and college students. (Annenberg / CPB)

Atoms Family - This fun interactive site offers activities to help you understand different forms of energy, including light, wave, particle, kinetic and potential energy. Middle school and high school. (Miami Museum of Science)

Einstein Light - These multimedia modules present the basic concepts of relativity, plus related links for more complete explanations, with or without mathematics (University of New South Wales, Australia). At Einstein's Big Idea you can listen to audio clips of top physicists describing Einstein's equation to non-physicists. (PBS; commercial site). High school and up.

Energy Facts for Kids - Explains the different sources and uses of renewable and nonrenewable energy; also offers an energy quiz, and biographies of historic pioneers in energy from Isaac Newton to G. E. Alcorn. Middle and high school students (US Department of Energy). The WhyFiles offer updated information on Nuclear Waste (University of Wisconsin). For more on renewable energy, see WhyFiles' Positive Energy page. For more on petroleum, see From the Ground Up (Paleontological Research Institution) and Extreme Oil (PBS; commercial site), both described in the Geology section, above.

Learning Physics - Type in a keyword such as 'freefall' or 'relativity' and enter your age or grade to find links to recommended web pages on that topic; for elementary school through graduate level. (Institute of Physics, UK)

Little Shop of Physics - A collection of physics experiments for you to try. Some use common house-hold items, some you can do with your computer. Grade level varies, middle school and up. (Colorado State University)

Newton's Laws of Motion - Part of an online textbook which introduces some of the basic laws of physics. High school and up. (Beyond Books / Apex Learning Inc.)

Physical Sciences Resources [UPDATED LINK!] - A large searchable directory of high-quality resources in general physics and its various branches, including Astronomy, Optics, Thermodynamics, Electricity & Magnetism, Oscillations & Waves, Quantum Physics, and more; for elementary school through graduate level. Searchable by subject, grade, and/or type (American Association of Physics Teachers).

Physics Simulations - A collection of interactive simulations demonstrating various concepts in physics, including thermodynamics, mechanics, waves, electricity & magnetism, and light & optics (University of Colorado). A related site, Physics Flash Animations , illustrates dozens of concepts in physics. Includes animations on chaos, classical & quantum mechanics, electricity & magnetism, optics, relativity, waves, and more, sorted by category (University of Toronto). Multimedia PhysClips combine animations with audio/video explanations for added clarity (University of New South Wales, Australia). High school and up.

Physics to Go - 'A collection of websites where you can learn physics on your own, through games, webcasts, and online exhibits and activities.' You can search for sites by keyword, or browse the collection by topic. Mouseover the 'details' icon by any link to see the appropriate grade level for that resource. (American Physical Society)

String Theory - An online TV program explaining string theory, which proposes that 'the fundamental ingredients of nature are inconceivably tiny strings of energy.' You can watch the full three-hour program online (with a broadband connection), or view a short video excerpt. Includes related materials such as interviews, slide shows, interactive lessons, and more. High school and up. (PBS; commercial site)

Science Projects & Experiments

Dirtmeister Investigations - Fun hands-on science experiments on matter, sound, light, electricity, ecology and more; includes links and teachers' notes. Elementary and middle school students. (Scholastic Publishing)

Exploratorium Hands-On Science - Instructions for ten or twelve fairly simple science projects. Scroll down to 'Table of Contents' for links to projects. Exploratorium also offers many additional projects. (Exploratorium Museum of Science)

Iron Science Teacher - This fun take-off of the Iron Chef TV show gives science teachers five minutes to cook up a math or science demonstration using an everyday item such as a plastic bag, a milk carton, or a nail... After watching the Webcasts, cook up some activities of your own! (Exploratorium Museum of Science)

Mad Science Experiments - An assortment of simple science experiments you can do at home; some are edible! Appropriate age group is listed at the beginning of each experiment, as well as whether or not an adult should be present when it is performed. (MadSci Network, a collaborative academic / commercial site)

Newton's Apple Science Try-Its - Simple science experiments called 'Try-Its.' Also offers science videos arranged by subject, and more resources for science fair projects; middle school and high school. (PBS; commercial site)

Paper Plate Science - Inexpensive, hands-on, simple-to-complex science activities that use paper plates to supplement lessons in astronomy and other studies; age level varies. (DePaul University)

Science Buddies - To find a great science project idea that can hold your interest, use the Science Buddies' interactive 'Topic Selection Wizard'. Site also offers a 'Project Guide' how-to section with detailed guidance and examples, 'Ask an Expert' feature, and other science project resources. High school. (Kenneth Lafferty Hess Family Charitable Foundation)

Science Discovery Works - Science fair project resources for teachers and students in grades K-6. (Houghton Mifflin Science)

Science Explorer - Dozens of simple, fun science experiments to try at home; specially designed to be used by parents and kids together (Exploratorium Museum)

Science Fair Central - A step-by-step handbook for creating a science project, plus a list of project ideas, links, recommended books, and tip sheets. Middle school and high school. (DiscoverySchool.com; commercial site)

Science Fair Project Resource Guide [UPDATED LINK!] - A variety of useful links to help you with each step of doing a science project. (Internet Public Library)

Science Fair Zone - 'Science fair tips, topics, news, student profiles, winning projects, and more.' For ages 9 to 14. (Society for Science & the Public, a non-profit organization; commercial site)

Science is Fun Home Experiments - More experiments you can do at home, plus related resources; high school level. (University of Wisconsin)

Zoom Activities - Dozens of fun experiments by kids and for kids. Ages 5 and up, with a separate section for preschoolers. (PBS)