Homework Links: Science, Math & Technology

General Math & Science

Facts on File: Science Online - Presents a broad range of scientific disciplines through extensive definitions, essays, diagrams, biographies, and experiments. If you're using Science Online on your home computer, you'll have to enter your name, library card barcode, and PIN to begin.

EBSCO Science Reference Center - Easy access to a multitude of science-oriented content, including full text for nearly 640 science encyclopedias, reference books, periodicals, etc. Covers biology, chemistry, earth & space science, environmental science, health & medicine, history of science, life science, physics, science & society, science as inquiry, scientists, technology and wildlife. If you're using Science Reference Center on your home computer, you'll have to enter your name, library card barcode, and PIN to begin.

GREENFILE - A collection of scholarly, government and general-interest titles covering all aspects of human impact to the environment. Includes content on global warming, green building, pollution, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, recycling, and more. For high school and up. If you're using GREENFILE on your home computer, you'll have to enter your name, library card barcode, and PIN to begin.

Ask A Scientist! - Browse / search the archives to find answers to all kinds of puzzling questions such as 'Where does the salt in the sea come from?' 'How do bugs stick to the wall?' and 'Why do boomerangs come back when you throw them?' Or ask your own question! Middle school and up (Cornell University). You can also search for answers to your science questions (high school and up) in the Science Line archives [UPDATED LINK!] (University of California) and on Scientific American's Ask the Experts and Ask the Brains pages (site includes advertisements).

Cogito - This website is designed specifically for young people who are interested in math and science. Cogito offers news and features on topics ranging from global warming and biostatistics to cold fusion and bioethics, plus many other resources including interviews and discussion forums, book and movie reviews, 'Best of the Web' guides, webcasts & podcasts, and listings and reviews of summer and distance-education programs, internships, and academic competitions. (John Hopkins University et al.)

EurekAlert - The latest news in scientific research, directly from research institutions, universities, government agencies, and corporations; arranged by subject; searchable archives. For college or advanced high school students; site includes advertisements. There is now a separate Kids' page for middle school and up. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

Everyday Mysteries - 'Did you ever wonder why a camel has a hump? If you can really tell the weather by listening to the chirp of a cricket? Or why our joints make popping sounds? Everyday Mysteries will help you get the answers to these and many other of life's most interesting questions.' Arranged by subject. Mostly for high school and up, though links may include good sites for younger students (2010, Library of Congress).

Exploratorium Museum of Science, Art, and Human Perception - Museum website offering engaging interactive and multimedia presentations, with a focus on investigating the science behind the ordinary subjects and experiences of people's lives, and the historical and social issues that surround them. Includes the Exploratorium Digital Library, a collection of online science materials covering a broad range of topics, organized by subject. Appropriate grade level, elementary through college, is specified for each resource. For a searchable database of additional materials including images, educational activities, PDFs, QuickTime movies, and audio files, see Exploratorium's Digital Assets Archive (mainly for teachers).

FOSSweb Science Fun - Interactive games and other science learning resources for students in grades K-2, grades 3-6, and grades 6-8. (University of California )

Franklin Institute Learning Resources - Explore a variety of scientific subjects including the human heart & brain, the history of science & technology, and more. Age level varies. (Franklin Institute Science Museum, Philadelphia; site includes advertisements)

Girls Go Tech is now Science, Technology, Engineering and Math for Girls, described below.

Great Amateurs in Science - Brief stories of ten amateur scientists who made enormous contributions to science. (1996 - 2002, WGBH / PBS; site includes advertisements)

History of Science - A brief overview of the history of science from 4000 BC to the birth of modern science in the 17th through 20th centuries; middle school and up (2002, WETA / PBS; site includes advertisements). Museum of the History of Science offers a collection of more than 30 online exhibits on numerous aspects of the history of science; for high school and up (1995 - 2011, Oxford University, UK). See also An Introduction to the History of Science in Non-Western Traditions; for high school and up (2009, History of Science Society).

Inventors and Inventions - Selected links to the best websites on inventors and inventions. (South Plainfield Public Library)

K8 Science - 'Reliable, up-to-date information and educational tools in life, physical, and earth/space sciences appropriate for grades K-8.' Includes lesson plans & demos, nature news, audio podcasts, video, and other science education resources. (Baylor College of Medicine)

KidsClick Science & Math - A directory of math and science websites designed for kids, arranged by subject. Each entry provides a description of the site and its intended age group. (Ramapo Catskill Library System)

National Science Foundation : Discoveries - Articles about the latest discoveries and innovations that began with NSF support, including projects in cybersafety, green energy, extrasolar planets, robotics, ecosystems, and much more. You can search Discoveries by keyword, or browse by broad topics; use the lefthand menu to navigate. High school and up. (National Science Foundation, an independent federal agency)

Nature Science Videos - Free online videos about recent research studies, featuring interviews with scientists behind the research, and analysis from Nature editors. Covers all the sciences. Nature also offers Nature News new ; articles listed under 'News' are free; some other items on the page may be available only to paid subscribers. High school and up. (Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited; site includes advertisements)

Ology - Colorful lessons with lots of fun activities to help you learn about archaeology, astronomy, biodiversity, earth science, Einstein, genetics, marine biology, zoology and more. Middle school and up. Resources for Learning offers hundreds of additional activities, articles, and analyses on anthropology, astronomy, biology, earth science, and paleontology. For all ages (American Museum of Natural History). You'll find more fun learning resources on Kids Only ; elementary through high school (Natural History Museum of London, UK).

Planet Science - Science features, activities, experiments and online adventures, for age 11 and up. There are separate sections for kids under 11 and for parents & teachers. (National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts, UK)

Pulse of the Planet - A collection of daily two-minute sound recordings, tracking the rhythms of nature, culture and science worldwide and blending interviews and extraordinary natural sound. (National Science Foundation)

Rough Science : Discover More - Includes 'A Brief History of Science' (with timeline), plus articles on the art of science and what science is all about. Also offers hands-on activities for Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12. (2002, WETA / PBS; site includes advertisements)

School Science new - Links to a wide range of science resources (mostly British) for students. Separate sections for ages 5-7, 7-11, 11-14, 14-16, and 16-19. Also includes resources for teachers. (Association for Science Education, UK)

Science 360 - Videos from around the world on the latest cutting-edge discoveries and big science stories of the day. Covers Astronomy & Space, Chemistry, Earth & Environment, K-12 Education, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Medical Sciences, People & Society, Physics, and Technology & Engineering. (National Science Foundation)

Science and Math Games & Puzzles - A collection of games & puzzles including math games, hangman, crossword puzzles, word scrambles and more. Middle school and up. (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility)

Science Animations - Links to dozens of movies & interactive tutorials, arranged by subject. Covers Anatomy & Physiology, Biology, Animals, Plants, Ecology, Microbiology, Astronomy, Geology, Physics, and general science collections. Grade level varies. (North Harris Montgomery Community College District, TX)

Science Explorations - Interactive multimedia presentations guide you on fascinating explorations of the natural world and space. Features include Charles Darwin, bats, giant squid, lizards & snakes, insects, and gravity, orbits & collisions. Mostly for grades K-8. (Scholastic Inc. / American Museum of Natural History)

Science from the Poles - A special series of Webcasts highlighting the work of scientists at field sites surrounding the North and South Poles; projects cover a variety of subjects including ecology, wildlife, climate change, geology, and astronomy. High school and up. (2007 - 2010, Exploratorium Museum)

Science Net Links [UPDATED LINK!] - Selected and annotated links to K-12 math and science lessons, tools, afterschool activities, and more; you can search by keywords, subject and grade level (American Association for the Advancement of Science). See also NSTA Learning Center (National Science Teachers Association).

Science News for Kids - Read the latest scientific news, with experiments, puzzles & games, Web resources, recommended reading, and other useful materials. For ages 9 to 13. (Society for Science & the Public, non-profit organization; site includes advertisements)

Science Photo Library - Need pictures of amoebas, bacteria, or leaf venation for your science paper? Polar bears or butterflies? Comets or quasars? Caves or coral reefs? This is the place to go! Covers all areas of science (commercial site). You can find more microscopic images at Science and Photography Through the Microscope (by Dennis Kunkel, Ph.D.) and Life through the Lens (Exploratorium Museum).

Science Research - A science search tool that searches 'Deep Web' sources such as scientific journals and public science databases not generally accessed by common search engines. Scitopia also allows you to retrieve high-level science content not generally found by common search engines, searching millions of documents, including peer-reviewed journal content and technical conference papers. Both sites will be useful mainly for college or graduate level students (Deep Web Technologies, LLC). NOTE: Resources retrieved on these sites may NOT be free.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) for Girls - Activities and information to help girls develop an interest in math, science and technology, and explore careers in these fields. Middle school and up. Formerly Girls Go Tech (2004 - 2011, Girl Scouts of the United States of America). Another fun site with a similar goal is I Was Wondering (National Academy of Sciences). For more links, see Great Science Resources for Girls new (Educational Equity Center and National Science Foundation).

Science Update Podcasts - Daily 60-second audio reports on the latest discoveries in science, technology and medicine. Science Updates new are 60-second student-friendly radio programs presenting current science research, selected from the Science Update Podcasts. Science Multimedia pulls together a variety of online media features including podcasts, video, and interactives from Science Magazine. High school and up. (The above sites are from the American Association for the Advancement of Science; sites may include advertisements). For more audio science news, see NPR Research News and NPR Science . High school and up (both from National Public Radio; site includes advertisements). The Boston Museum of Science weekly podcasts offer an in-depth look at the latest in science and technology. A Moment of Science new is a two-minute radio program that answers thousands of questions about the world we live (Indiana University et al.).

The Scientific Process - Examines the method scientists use to come up with explanations for the things that happen around us. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of each page. Site may be slow to load and navigate (National Earth Science Teachers Association; site includes advertisements). Print out the Scientific Process Log to record each step of the scientific process used in a scientific investigation of your own (NASA).

Smithsonian Magazine : Science & Nature - Feature articles on a wide variety of subjects relating to science, technology, and nature. High school and up. (Educational / site includes advertisements)

Virtual Science Exhibits - Online science exhibits on astronomy, Antarctica, electron microscopy, oceanography, Leonardo da Vinci, artificial intelligence, fireflies, and Ancient Egypt. Age level varies for different exhibits; middle school and up (Museum of Science, Boston). You'll find links to more online science exhibits on other topics at the Science Learning Network (2002).

Why Files - Articles about science and how it affects everyday life. You can browse by general subject or enter a specific search term such as 'mosquitoes,' 'cloning,' or 'global warming'. Includes interactives. For Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12; scroll down the page for grades 9-12. (2002 - 2011, University of Wisconsin)

World of Science - Encyclopedias of astronomy, scientific biography, chemistry, and physics. Includes linked cross-references. Mostly for high school and up, though middle school students may find the biography section useful. (Wolfram Research / Eric W. Weisstein, with assistance from the internet community)

Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students - Advice, samples, and exercises designed to help students write effectively about science. Also includes materials for instructors. For college and advanced high school students (2010; by Michael Alley, Penn State University). See also Writing in the Sciences (University of North Carolina).

Astronomy, Planets, and Space Flight

Biology, Anatomy, and Natural History

Ask a Biologist - 'For students who ever had a question about biology or what it's like to work in the biology field, Ask a Biologist lets them ask the experts - biologists themselves. Designed for students in grades preK-12, this website also features interactive and educational activities for students, teachers and parents.' Includes an audio podcast new . (Arizona State University)

Atlas of the Human Body - A basic illustrated anatomy of the human body (American Medical Association). Body Basics explains how each body system, part, and process works, and what happens when things go wrong; for teens. How the Body Works is a similar page for younger kids (Nemours Foundation Center for Children's Health Media). For more on health, see the South Plainfield Public Library's HEALTH & FITNESS page.

Bacteria - The Virtual Museum of Bacteria 'brings together many links on bacteria, bacteriology, and related topics available on the web. It also provides crystal-clear information about many aspects of bacteria.' Use the left-hand menu to choose a topic. (2009, by Trudy Wassenaar / Foundation of Bacteriology and the Society for Applied Microbiology).

Biochemistry Animations - A collection of interactive animations designed to help students learn about biochemical processes such as cell structure, cloning, DNA replication, nucleotides, photosynthesis, and many more. Also includes concept reviews, quizzes, tutorials, and links. College level (2002, John Wiley & Sons Publishers, Inc.). See also Chemistry of Life for problem sets and tutorials in biochemistry (1996 - 2003, University of Arizona).

Biology 4 Kids - Illustrated lessons in basic biology, covering cells, microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, animal systems, and scientific method. (1997 - 2011, Andrew Rader Studios; site includes advertisements)

Biology Resources- Links to selected online instructional materials on a wide variety of subjects in Biology, including Bioethics, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology / Environment, Neuroscience, and more. Grade level varies. (National Association of Biology Teachers; site includes advertisements)

Biology of Plants - Step-by-step explanations of how plants grow, make food, reproduce, and adapt to the world around them. Well illustrated; middle school and up. (2006, Missouri Botanical Garden)

Biology / Paleontology Glossary - Brief definitions of terms used in Phylogenetics, Geology, Biochemistry, Cell biology, Ecology, Life history, Zoology, Botany, and Paleogeography; many definitions include links to additional information. You can browse the glossary alphabetically or by subject. High school and up. (1995 - 2009, University of California Museum of Paleontology)

BioScience Ed Net - Extensive directory of online learning resources in the biological sciences, from pre-school to postgraduate levels. You can search the resources by keyword and audience (grade level), or browse by audience, by subject (each broad subject is broken down into narrower topics), or by resource type (book, journal article, image, video, etc.). Each resource listing includes a description and specificies the resource type and audience. For students and teachers. (American Association for the Advancement of Science)

BioScience Issues - A large collection of articles describing current bioscience issues such as biotechnology, biodiversity, environment, genomics, and evolution, and examining how they affect your life. Sidebars summarize key points for each article, and most articles includes links to related information; many also offer educator resources. Mostly for high school and up, though some links for middle school are included. (American Institute of Biological Sciences)

Biotechnology Basics- 'Explore the science of biotechnology with a plain language primer. Find out about the benefits of biotechnology and the issues it raises.' Covers environment, food, health, industry, natural resources, and sustainable development. Includes a glossary. High school and up. (2005 - 2008, Government of Canada)

The Body Explained - Ever wonder 'What Causes Goose Bumps?' 'What Causes Hiccups?' 'What Causes Blushing?' 'What Causes an Ice Cream Headache?' 'What is That Little Thing That Hangs Down in the Back of Your Throat?' or 'Why Do Onions Make You Cry?' These brief, entertaining online videos will give you the answers! For all ages. (2004 - 2011, Baylor College of Medicine)

Brain Maps - An interactive digital brain atlas & virtual microscope showing high-resolution scanned images of both primate and non-primate brains. Includes complete brain atlas datasets for Macaca mulatta, C. aethiops, Felis catus, Mus musculus, and others. For college or advanced high school students. (2001 - 2011, University of California)

Cells Alive! - Interactives, animations, images and descriptions for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, & microscopy. For college or advanced high school students. (1994 - 2010, by biologist/photographer James A. Sullivan; site includes advertisements)

Cool Science - Covers general biology, evolution, genetics, human biology, health, and animals. Includes 'Ask a Scientist' & 'Becoming a Scientist' features, 'For Curious Kids' science activities for younger kids, 'biointeractives' for high school & college students, and innovative resources for educators. (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

DNA from the Beginning - This online tutorial explains classical genetics using text, animation, image gallery, video interviews, problem, biographies, and links. High school and up (2002 - 2011, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). Learn Genetics offers helpful instructional animations on genetics (University of Utah).

Earth Portal - 'A comprehensive resource for timely, objective, science-based information about the environment.' Includes an extensive Encyclopedia of Earth; news stories on environmental issues; and commentary from scholars and discussions with the general public. High school and up (Environmental Information Coalition, a partnership of environmental scientists, educators, professionals, organizations, agencies, and institutions). For more links on environmental topics, see South Plainfield Public Library's ECOLOGY, WILDLIFE, PLANTS & ANIMALS and WEATHER & DISASTERS pages.

Environmental Health - Links to homework resources and online activities that explain how the environment can affect human health. A few short videos are included. Appropriate grade level (K-12+) is indicated for each resource. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)

Evidence : How We Know What We Know - This case study in human origins - exploring how scientific evidence shapes our current understanding of what makes us human, and how we got this way - is used as a starting point to examine the scientific process, revealing the ways in which ideas and information become knowledge and understanding (2009, Exploratorium Museum). For more on human evolution, see Human Origins, below. For more on evolution generally, see Evolution, below.

Evolution - Explains Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and how it was developed. There's also an entertaining multimedia presentation on the Theory of Evolution ; for middle school and high school students (British Broadcasting Corporation). For high school students, NOVA's Evolution Project offers 'online lessons, videos, and a library of multimedia resources for use in coursework, special projects, and independent study' (2001, WGBH and Clear Blue Sky Productions / PBS;). Understanding Evolution is designed 'to help you understand what evolution is, how it works, how it factors into your life, how research in evolutionary biology is performed, and how ideas in this area have changed over time.' Includes teaching resources for K-12 (University of California Museum of Paleontology et al.). See also Darwin : The Man and the Theory ; high school and up (2005 - 2006, American Museum of Natural History). For online texts of Darwin's writings, see The Complete Works of Charles Darwin (University of Cambridge et al.). For more on human evolution, see Human Origins, described below.

Eyes Have It - 'Eyes can be simple light-sensitive cells that don't see images, or complex organs that see light, shadow, color, shape, and depth.' On this site you can learn the fundamental facts about vision, eyes and eye anatomy. Includes related resources. High school. (San Diego Natural History Museum)

Gray's Anatomy - A searchable, chapter-by-chapter E-text of the classic work in anatomy; illustrated. High school and up. (Bartleby.com; site includes advertisements, pop-ups)

Health Science Education Resources new - Free resources include booklets and websites on topics like cell biology, genetics, chemistry, pharmacology, computational biology and structural biology; Findings, a twice-yearly magazine showcasing vibrant and diverse scientists who do cutting-edge research; interactive games & puzzles; a scientific image gallery with downloadable photos, illustrations and videos; a monthly electronic newsletter that highlights recent scientific advances; and a series of articles about the science of health. Mostly for high school and up. (National Institute of General Medical Sciences)

Human Genome Project - A collection of resources to help students learn more about the Human Genome Project (HGP) and related issues (2010, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science). See also Genomics Definitions and Terms (2007, University of Kentucky). High school and up.

Human Origins - Text and images exploring the history and future of human evolution, and the question of what makes us human. Also includes links to related resources; for high school and advanced middle school students (American Museum of Natural History). The Leakey Foundation website has a Timeline of key discoveries related to human origins from 1840 to the present. Human Beginnings describes the evolution of humans, with articles about cavemen, neanderthals, and the development of human intelligence; includes an interactive quiz. Middle school and up (British Broadcasting Corporation). What Does It Mean To Be Human? is 'dedicated to bringing you the excitement, latest findings, and profound implications of the scientific exploration of human origins.' High school and up (2010 - 2011, Smithsonian Institution). The Human Spark is a three-part video series exploring the questions: 'What is the nature of human uniqueness? Where did the Human Spark ignite, and when? And perhaps most tantalizingly, why?' You can watch video clips on specific topics (Neuroscience, Primates, Human Evolution, and Child Development), or view the entire series online (WNET / PBS; site includes advertisements). Becoming Human offers an interactive multimedia documentary that tells the story of our origins, plus related classroom materials, games & activities (2008, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University). Surviving : the Body of Evidence is a multimedia presentation explores the past and possible future of human evolution, our place in the natural world, and more. High school and up (2008, Penn Museum).

Life Sciences CyberBridge new - Reviews biology and chemistry concepts that are fundamental to success in introductory college Life Sciences courses. CyberBridge is divided into several topic areas - math in biology, bonding, DNA, Mendel's laws, population genetics, and mitosis & meiosis - each with a tutorial and an assessment quiz. For college freshmen or advanced high school students. (Harvard University)

Microbe World - Discover the wonderful world of fungi, bacteria, viruses, molds and other slimy things - what they are, where they live, and how we use them. You can also perform experiments, investigate microbes in the news, and learn about careers in microbiology. Includes audio and video podcasts; formerly Stalking the Mysterious Microbe. For middle school and up (2009, American Society for Microbiology). Another great microbe site is Microbe Zoo, featuring DirtLand, Animal Pavilion, Snack Bar, Space Adventure, and Water World (2002, Michigan State University). Microbial Diversity offers an extensive collection of links on the impact of microorganisms on ecological and earth system phenomena, and a Glossary of Terms [Link opens a PDF document]; for college or advanced high school students (Blackwell Publishing). Microbial Life provides a variety of educational and supporting materials for students and teachers, K-12 (2008, Carleton College).

Microscope Imaging Station - A range of high-resolution images and movies showing the diversity of what can be seen with light microscopes, plus feature articles and suggested learning activities. (Exploratorium Museum).

Mind Lab - 'How is our consciousness connected to the world? Explore the unconscious functions of the brain with visual illusions and mysterious perceptual phenomena.' High school and up. NOTE: Site is slow to load and requires a high-speed internet connection to view. (2009, Japan Science and Technology Agency)

Neuroscience for Kids- 'The smell of a flower - the memory of a walk in the park - the pain of stepping on a nail. These experiences are made possible by the 3 pounds of tissue in our heads...the brain!' Q & A, experiments, activities, games, and links to help you learn about the brain, spinal cord, neurons and the senses. High school (1996 - 2010; by Eric H. Chudler, University of Washington). See also Brain : The Inside Story; middle school and up (2011, American Museum of Natural History et al.).

Phylogeny of Life - Online exhibits exploring the relationships which connect all organisms, past and present. See also Evolutionary Trees for related information. High school and up. (2009, University of California Museum of Paleontology)

Secrets of the Sequence new - Fifty of the best videos from the public television series, Secrets of the Sequence. Each 8- to 10-minute video is focused on a particular biology topic such as anatomy, bacteria, bioethics, biotechnology, botany, life sciences careers, DNA, evolution, forensics, genetics, human health, and insects. All the videos have an accompanying classroom-tested lesson which includes background information, curriculum standards, discussion questions & answers, teacher notes, and a classroom activity. Click on a topic to see the list of videos, click on a video title for a description and link to downloadable lesson. High school. (Virginia Commonwealth University et al.)

Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling the World - Examines how the brain and nervous system allow us to recognize faces, distinguish colors and odors, feel a feather brush our skin, or hear the faint rustle of a leaf. High school / advanced students (2008, Howard Hughes Medical Institute). Secret Life of the Brain includes interactive illusions showing how the mind can cause us to misread color, shape, and dimension. (2001, WNET and David Grubin Productions / PBS; site includes advertisements). Listen offers short videos, lessons, games, and other activities about sound and hearing, and about how listening helps us navigate our world (Exploratorium Museum).

Virtual Cell Website - Allows you to get a close-up view of several organelles in 3-D. Choose an organelle within the cell and manipulate it by zooming in, rotating the image, and dissecting several organelles to view their contents. If you have trouble, see instructions (1998 - 2004; created by high school & university faculty and students).

Chemistry & the Elements

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table - 'This online textbook is designed to provide a thorough, in-depth treatment of this topic at the first-year college or advanced-HS levels, with a special focus on the underlying concepts.' Covers quanta; light, particles & waves; Bohr atom; quantum atom; atomic electron configurations; and periodic properties of the elements (2005; by Stephen Lower, a retired professor of chemistry at Simon Fraser University). See also Periodic Table, described below.

Chem 1 Virtual Textbook - An online general chemistry textbook designed for first-year college students. (By Stephen Lower, a retired professor of chemistry at Simon Fraser University)

Chemistry Tutorials new - This online tutorial contains reviews of a dozen introductory topics, plus practice problems and practice quizzes; use the lefthand menu to navigate. For college or advanced high school students. (Washington University)

Chem4Kids - This chemistry site explains matter, atoms, elements, reactions, biochemistry, and more. Middle school and up. (1997 - 2011, Andrew Rader Studios; site includes advertisements)

Color - Why is the sky blue? Why is fire yellow? All the colors in the universe originate from fifteen fundamental physical causes, summarized in this online exhibit. High school and up. (2008, Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement, non-profit organization)

General Chemistry Online - This college-level chemistry site includes a searchable database of over 800 common compound names, formulas, structures, and properties; notes and guides for first semester general chemistry; an interactive toolbox; tutorials; quizzes; and a searchable, annotated database of over 500 general chemistry Web resources. NOTE: some of the hyperlinks on the Companion Notes are non-functional, but you can find the linked material by scrolling down the page. (1997 - 2010; by Fred Senese, Frostburg State University)

Online Chemistry Games - Free interactive games and quizzes to help build your knowledge of the elements and the periodic table. Middle school and up. (2010, Sheppard Software; site includes advertisements)

Periodic Table - These interactive lessons take you through the periodic table piece by piece to help you understand how it works, and how and why elements interact to make the world you see around you. High school and up. (Annenberg Media)

Periodic Table of the Elements - Click on any element for a picture, basic facts, and detailed description; some elements include multimedia. Middle school and up (Royal Society of Chemistry). See also Web Elements, described below; The Photographic Periodic Table; includes photos and descriptions (2010; by Popular Science columnist Theodore Gray et al.; site includes advertisements); or It's Elemental descriptions & data only, no pictures; this one goes up to Atomic Number 118 (site maintained by Steve Gagnon, Thomas Jefferson Lab National Accelerator Facility).

Web Elements - Another periodic table site providing both basic and detailed information (history, physical and nuclear data, uses, structure, and more) and a picture for each element, plus audio pronunciation (British). High school/advanced students. (1993 - 2010; by Dr. Mark J. Winter, University of Sheffield, England; site includes advertisements)

Earth, Geology, Rocks & Minerals

Dynamic Earth - 'Explore the dynamic forces that formed — and are continually re-forming — the earth and our solar system.' Divided into four sections: Gems & Minerals, Plate Tectonics & Volcanoes, Rocks & Mining, and The Solar System. Includes both a multimedia version and a printable version. (2005, Smithsonian Institution)

Dynamic Earth Interactive - With these interactive lessons you can delve into the earth's interior, learn about its tectonic plates and their movements, and discover how mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes are formed. Middle school and up. (2007, Annenberg Media)

Earth - Information about the earth's surface, atmosphere, ecosystems, and more, with images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of each page. Site may be slow to load and navigate. (National Earth Science Teachers Association; site includes advertisements)

Earth Like a Puzzle - Explains the process of plate tectonics - how the continents and oceans move across the surface of the earth. Middle school and up (2000 - 2001, Scripps Institution of Oceanography). For world maps showing how the continents looked during each geological time period - and how they might look in the future - see Earth History (2000 - 2010; by Christopher R. Scotese, University of Texas).

Earth Revealed - A video instructional series on geology. High school and up; free registration required. (1992, Annenberg Media)

Essentials of Geology - This textbook companion site offers dozens of articles on a variety of earth science topics, plus quizzes & animations for each chapter (choose a chapter and click on the 'LEARN' tab), and a glossary of earth science terms. College level. (2003 - 2011, W.W. Norton and Company, Publishers)

Evolving Planet [ARCHIVED SITE] - A virtual 'tour through time', describing the various eras and periods in the geologic time scale, and exploring when life began, when mammals first appeared, and when humans entered the scene. Includes a basic overview of each period, plus image galleries, 'evolutionary essentials', video interviews with scientists, multimedia presentations, and more. Middle school and up. (2007, Field Museum of Chicago)

Exploring Earth - A chapter-by-chapter earth science textbook featuring animations and interactive tools, plus links and other resources. Click on 'Select a Chapter' to get started. High school. (2003, TERC, Inc. / National Science Foundation / Houghton Mifflin Company)

From the Ground Up: The World of Oil - Explains the geology of oil exploration, how oil is formed, and the history and uses of oil; middle school and high school (2009, Paleontological Research Institution). Extreme Oil (2004, WNET / PBS; site includes advertisements) examines the technology of oil extraction as well as the processing and transport of petroleum; also delves into the political and environmental aspects of oil; high school and up. For more on energy sources, see the Physics section, below.

Geologic Time - Basic earth science text covering geologic time, the relative time scale, the radiometric time scale, major divisions of geologic time, index fossils, and the age of the earth. Illustrated; high school and up (1997, U.S. Geological Survey). See also Geological Time (British Geological Survey) and Tour of Geologic Time (2009, University of California Museum of Paleontology).

Geology - An introduction to geology, covering the different types of rocks and minerals and the various geologic eras, with images. Choose Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced version at the top of each page. Site may be slow to load and navigate. (National Earth Science Teachers Association; site includes advertisements)

Geology Images - Photos of different types of rock and other geologic formations, with brief descriptions. (2000; by Allen Glazner, University of North Carolina)

Geosciences Math - Instructional modules on math topics that are important in introductory geoscience courses. Each topic includes a page for the instructor, quantitative information for the students, a set of practice problems and quiz. For college or advanced high school students. (2007 - 2010, Carleton College)

Mineral Matters - Learn how to identify minerals, grow your own crystals, or build a collection. Also includes FAQ, puzzles and games. For high school or advanced middle school students (San Diego Natural History Museum). Mineralogy for Kids explores the world of mineralogy, including crystals, mineral groups, mineral properties, and minerals in your house. For high school or advanced middle school students (Mineralogical Society of America). GeoGallery (2009, Smithsonian Institution) offers photos and brief descriptions of gems, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, and meteorites. The Mineral and Gemstone Gallery gives property data and large, clear photographs for more than a hundred minerals and gemstones. Text is for high school and up; a list of sources is provided on the Bibliography page (1996 - 2007; by Ron Gibbs). For even more minerals, see Mineral Species from A to Z ; includes photos and pronunciation audio. Sources are listed in the 'About' section. (1997 - 2009; by geologist David Barthelmy. Site includes advertisements).

Rock Cycle - An interactive Web site where you can learn how rocks can be identified, how they are formed, and how they change over time. Middle school and up (2007, Annenberg Media). See also Rock Cycle Animations, a small collection of simple flash animations illustrating metamorphic rock formation, clastic sedimentary rocks formation, igneous rock formation, and igneous rocks classification (Carleton College; compiled by Mark Francek at Central Michigan University).

Schoolyard Geology - 'Wish you could take more field trips? You can! Your own schoolyard is filled with great geologic features! This website is filled with activities and examples of what to look for to turn your schoolyard into a rich geologic experience.' Grades K-12, but mostly for elementary and middle school students. The USGS Corecast includes audio and video podcasts on a wide variety of earth science topics such as wildlife, climate, natural resources, floods & earthquakes, water pollution, and more. (2011, U.S. Geological Survey)

Virtual Courseware for Earth & Environmental Sciences - Interactive tutorials, animations, and photographs teach students about earthquakes, global warming, carbon dating, and other earth science topics. High school and up. (1996 - 2007, California State University)

Math

Accounting Tutorial [UPDATED LINK!] - Online review of essential concepts in accounting, plus Self-Test Quizzes and Review Problems. (2009; by Gerald F. Manahan Jr., San Antonio College)

Algebra in Simplest Terms - A 1991 video instructional series which 'explains how algebra is used for solving real-world problems and clearly explains concepts that may baffle many students. Graphic illustrations and on-location examples help students connect mathematics to daily life.' High school & college level. Free registration required. This and other online math video series (many free) for students and teachers are by Annenberg Media. For tutorials covering all College Algebra concepts as well as prerequisites to College Algebra, see Virtual Math Lab : Algebra (2001 - 2008; by Kim Seward, West Texas A&M University).

Ask Doctor Math - An archive of answers to math questions, arranged by grade level and subject; all ages. (1994 - 2009, Drexel University Math Forum; site includes advertisements)

Calculus on the Web - A set of online interactive textbooks teaching pre-calculus, calculus, linear algebra, abstract algebra, and number theory (by Gerardo Mendoza and Dan Reich, Temple University). For selected links to additional calculus help, see the Calculus Page (1998 - 2011, Joel Hass et al., University of California).

Conversion Maestro - This tool will quickly convert measurements to or from metric units of length (feet/meters), area (square feet/square meters), mass/weight (ounces/grams), liquid volume (pints/liters), and temperature (Fahrenheit/Celsius) (2001 - 2005, from Mahidol University, Thailand; site includes advertisements). Online Conversion offers many additional conversion calculators: 'over 5,000 units, and 50,000 conversions' (1997 - 2010; personal site by Robert Fogt, a website / software developer; site includes advertisements).

Cyberchase Games - Math games for kids aged 8 - 11. (2010, PBS)

Figure This! Math Challenge - Cartoon characters present interesting mathematical challenges that students can do at home with their families. Each challenge includes complete solutions, and related support materials and resources for further exploration. Middle-school. (1999 - 2004, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics)

Fractals - Explains the special properties of geometric figures called fractals, with activities and links to additional resources. For elementary / middle school students and up. (1996 - 2007; by Cynthia Lanius, Rice University)

Fun Mathematics Lessons - Fun lessons in counting, fractions, ratios, graphs, beginning algebra & geometry, and more; mostly for elementary / middle school students. (1998 - 2008; by Cynthia Lanius, Rice University)

Geometry : 3D Shapes - A collection of fun interactive lessons to help you learn about some of the many three-dimensional geometric shapes commonly found in the world around us. Middle school and up, with some materials for teachers, too. (2007, Annenberg Media)

History of Math - Describes the history of mathematics in various cultures (ancient Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Arabic, Chinese, etc.) as well as the history of different branches of mathematics; arranged by topic. Also includes a glossary, math chronology, biographies of mathematicians from 1680 BC to the present (including female mathematicians), and biographical timeline. High school and up (2000 - 2011, University of St Andrews, Scotland). See also Biographies of Women Mathematicians (1995 - 2011, Agnes Scott College).

Internet Mathematics Library - Annotated math links, arranged by subject. All ages (1994 - 2011, Drexel University Math Forum).

Math and Cultural Designs - Many cultural designs, such as cornrow hairstyles, Native American crafts, and break dancing, are based on mathematical principles. This site offers tutorials and software to help you learn mathematics by simulating the original artifacts and developing your own creations. Middle school and up. (2003 - 2010, Ron Eglash, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)

Math Cats - Fun and colorful games, crafts, art, projects, and stories to help kids learn arithmetic and math. Mostly for elementary school students; scroll down through the site map to see the recommended age levels for each activity. (2000 - 2011; by Wendy A. Petti)

Math Glossary - Brief definitions of math terms, arranged A to Z. High school and up. (2000, University of St Andrews, Scotland)

Math in Daily Life - Do you find math abstract and boring? This site shows you the importance of numbers in games of chance, money management, cooking, decorating, and other everyday activities. High school and up. (Annenberg / CPB)

Math Lessons - Online interactive lessons aimed at improving the mathematics literacy of students in the social & behavioral sciences and humanities, enabling them to develop their critical thinking & quantitative skills and become better citizens. Topics covered include Venn diagrams, voting, fair division, area & integration, serial music, understanding graphs, and history of math. High school and up. (2003; Valipuram Manoranjan et al., Washington State University)

Math Links - Hundreds of great math-related sites arranged by topics: number & operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, data analysis / probability. Also offers more than 100 interactive activities , and hundreds of math lesson plans for teachers, grades pre-K through 12; arranged by grade level (2000 - 2011, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). More math lesson plans (with interactive lessons), arranged by grade level, are available at InterActivate covering number & operations, algebra, geometry, probability, statistics, modeling, and more (1994 - 2011, Shodor Education Foundation; non-profit organization, site includes advertisements).

Math Readiness - Interactive exercises to improve your skills in mental arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, exponential & logarithmic functions, and other math topics most needed by college-bound high school students. For each topic, a green dot is for easy, yellow dot for medium, and red for difficult exercises (2002, University of Saskatchewan).

Math Textbooks Online - Links to dozens of free online math textbooks. College level. (2011; by George Cain, Georgia Institute of Technology)

Math Tools - A collection of tools, lessons, activities, and other materials for learning or teaching math. (2003 - 2011, Drexel University Math Forum)

Statistics - 'Against All Odds,' a video instructional series. 'With an emphasis on 'doing' statistics, this series goes on location to help uncover statistical solutions to the puzzles of everyday life.' High school & college level. Free registration required (1989, Annenberg Media).

Success in Math - 'Tips on how to study mathematics, how to approach problem-solving, how to study for and take tests, and when and how to get help.' Advice is aimed at undergraduates, but should be helpful for high school students too. (1993, Saint Louis University)

Physics

Aeronautics - Online tutorial explaining the basic principles, tools, and methods for the study of flight. High school and up. (2010, NASA)

Amusement Park Physics - 'How do physics laws affect amusement park ride design? In this exhibit, you'll have a chance to find out by designing your own roller coaster.' Also covers bumper cars, carousels, free fall, and pendulum; includes a physics glossary. Middle school and up. (Annenberg / CPB)

Atoms Family - This fun interactive site offers activities to help you understand different forms of energy, including light, wave, particle, kinetic and potential energy. Middle school and high school. (1997, Miami Museum of Science)

Einstein Light - These multimedia modules present the basic concepts of relativity, plus related links for more complete explanations, with or without mathematics (2005 - 2010, University of New South Wales, Australia). At Einstein's Big Idea you can listen to audio clips of top physicists describing Einstein's equation to non-physicists. (2005, WGBH / PBS NOVA; site includes advertisements). High school and up.

Energy Facts for Kids - Explains the different sources and uses of renewable and nonrenewable energy; also offers an energy quiz, and biographies of historic pioneers in energy from Isaac Newton to G. E. Alcorn. Middle and high school students (US Department of Energy). Definitions of energy terminology are available in the Glossary of Energy Technology; for middle and high school students (2001 - 2004, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). The WhyFiles offers some updated information on Nuclear Waste (2008, University of Wisconsin). For more on renewable energy, see Positive Energy (2006, WhyFiles). For more on petroleum, see From the Ground Up (2009, Paleontological Research Institution) and Extreme Oil (2004, WNET / PBS; site includes advertisements), both described in the Geology section, above.

Learning Physics - Type in a keyword such as 'freefall' or 'relativity' and enter your age and/or knowledge level to find links to recommended web pages on that topic; for elementary school through graduate level. See also Discover Physics . (Institute of Physics, UK)

Little Shop of Physics - A collection of physics experiments for you to try. Some use common household items, some you can do with your computer. Grade level varies, middle school and up. (2007, Colorado State University)

Nano Technologies - Explains the basics of nanotechnology, techniques & uses of nanotechnology, and potential risks & ethical issues. Also includes an interactive 'nanojourney' (2007, Center of Scientific, Technical, & Industrial Culture of Grenoble et al.). For the latest developments on nanotechnology in specific applications, see Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, which includes a useful Introduction to Nanotechnology (Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Pew Charitable Trusts). High school and up. For links to additional K-12 resources on nanotechnology, see Nano.gov new .

Newton's Laws of Motion - Part of an online textbook which introduces some of the basic laws of physics. High school and up. (2007; Beyond Books / Apex Learning Inc.)

Physical Sciences Resources - A large searchable directory of high-quality resources in general physics and its various branches, including Astronomy, Optics, Thermodynamics, Electricity & Magnetism, Oscillations & Waves, Quantum Physics, and more; for elementary school through graduate level. Part of Compadre Digital Library, a network of free online resource collections supporting faculty, students, and teachers in Physics and Astronomy Education at all levels. Includes student activities, tutorials, lesson plans, career info, and more. Use the advanced search function to search by topic, resource type, target grade level, and/or target role. (1998 - 2011, American Association of Physics Teachers)

Physics Simulations - A collection of interactive simulations demonstrating various concepts in physics, including thermodynamics, mechanics, waves, electricity & magnetism, and light & optics (University of Colorado). A related site, Physics Flash Animations , illustrates dozens of concepts in physics. Includes animations on chaos, classical & quantum mechanics, electricity & magnetism, optics, relativity, waves, and more, sorted by category (2002 - 2004, David M. Harrison, University of Toronto). Multimedia PhysClips combine animations with audio/video explanations for added clarity (2007 - 2011; Joe Wolf, University of New South Wales, Australia). High school and up.

Physics to Go - 'A collection of websites where you can learn physics on your own, through games, webcasts, and online exhibits and activities.' You can search for sites by keyword, or browse the collection by topic. Mouseover the 'details' icon by any link to see the appropriate grade level for that resource. (2004 - 2011, American Physical Society et al.)

String Theory - An online TV program explaining string theory, which proposes that 'the fundamental ingredients of nature are inconceivably tiny strings of energy.' You can watch the full three-hour program online (with a broadband connection), or view a short video excerpt. Includes related materials such as interviews, slide shows, interactive lessons, and more. High school and up. (1996-2003, WGBH / PBS; site includes advertisements)

Science Fairs, Projects & Experiments

Dirtmeister Investigations - Fun hands-on science experiments on matter, sound, light, electricity, ecology and more; includes links and teachers' notes. Elementary and middle school students. (Scholastic Publishing)

Ecology Experiments - Step-by-step instructions for 12 ecology-related experiments, covering acid rain, biomes, water resources, and soil erosion. (Gale / Cengage Learning)

Exploratorium Hands-On Science - Instructions for ten or twelve fairly simple science projects. Scroll down to 'Table of Contents' for links to projects. Exploratorium also offers many additional projects. See also Science Snacks; grade level varies. (1987 - 2011, Exploratorium Museum)

How to Smile - 'An online tool that allows educators to search, collect, and share high-quality, hands-on science and math activities... from the Lawrence Hall of Science, Exploratorium, Science Museum of Minnesota, Children's Museum of Houston, New York Hall of Science, and Association of Science - Technology Centers.' Descriptions for each activity list estimated cost of materials, time to perform, and target age group.

Iron Science Teacher - This fun take-off of the Iron Chef TV show gives science teachers five minutes to cook up a math or science demonstration using an everyday item such as a plastic bag, a milk carton, or a nail... After watching the Webcasts, cook up some activities of your own! (Exploratorium Museum)

Kids' Science Challenge new - 'A free nationwide competition for 3rd to 6th graders to submit experiments and problems for scientists and engineers to solve. Play science games, watch videos, and enter to win awesome prizes and trips!' (Jim Metzner Productions, Inc. and National Science Foundation)

Mad Science Experiments - An assortment of simple science experiments you can do at home; some are edible! Appropriate age group is listed at the beginning of each experiment, as well as whether or not an adult should be present when it is performed. (1995 - 2006, by the MadSci Network, a collaborative academic project; site includes advertisements)

Newton's Apple - Science videos, simple experiments, and suggestions & resources for science projects. Middle school and high school. (PBS; site includes advertisements)

Online Science Activities - Step-by-step instructions for more than two dozen science experiments. Age level not specified, but most appear to be suitable for middle school or high school. (Museum of Science & Industry, Chicago)

Paper Plate Science - Inexpensive, hands-on, simple-to-complex science activities that use paper plates to supplement lessons in astronomy and other studies; age level varies. (2010, Chuck Bueter, DePaul University)

Planting Science new - 'A learning and research resource, bringing together students, plant scientists, and teachers from across the nation. Students engage in hands-on plant investigations, working with peers and scientist mentors to build collaborations and to improve their understanding of science.' Students can get involved through a participating class project, or can use the Resources for Science Investigations independently. (Botanical Society of America et al.)

Science Buddies - To find a great science project idea that can hold your interest, use the Science Buddies' interactive 'Topic Selection Wizard'. Site also offers a 'Project Guide' how-to section with detailed guidance and examples, 'Ask an Expert' feature, and other science project resources. High school. (2002 - 2011, Kenneth Lafferty Hess Family Charitable Foundation)

Science Discovery Works - Science fair project resources for teachers and students in grades K-6. Created in 1999 - expect some broken links, though many are still good. (Houghton Mifflin Science)

Science Explorer - Dozens of simple, fun science experiments to try at home; specially designed to be used by parents and kids together (1998 - 2011, Exploratorium Museum)

Science Fair Central - A step-by-step handbook for creating a science project, plus a list of project ideas, links, recommended books, and tip sheets. Middle school and high school. (DiscoverySchool.com; site includes advertisements)

Science Fair Project Resource Guide - A variety of useful links to help you with each step of doing a science project. (1995 - 2011, Internet Public Library)

Science is Fun Home Experiments - More experiments you can do at home, plus related resources; high school level. (2008 - 2011, by Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, University of Wisconsin)

STEM Programs and Projects new - Links to 'a variety of international, national, regional, and local programs and projects that can help you explore career paths in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine. By participating in these projects, you can also develop a network of other students with similar interests and goals. They also provide opportunities for teamwork and many students earn recognition for their skills through awards and sometimes scholarships.' The site also offers links to Precollege STEM Summer Programs and Camps Middle school and high school. (Sloan Career Cornerstone Center, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation)

Zoom Activities - Dozens of fun experiments by kids and for kids. Ages 5 and up, with a separate section for preschoolers. (PBS)